Just Over 2,000 years ago, the
Holy Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar.
Following the event The Jewish people were driven out of the Land
of Israel and were forced to live in Babylonia.
Fifty years later, Babylonia was defeated by
Persia. Achashverosh (that's pronounced: Ah-chash-vey-rosh) was the
second Persian king. He ruled 127 provinces from Hodu (India) to Kush
(Africa) the largest, strongest kingdom in the world.
A new king needs a new capital, so Achashverosh
chose the city of Shushan. To celebrate, he made a tremendous feast
for all the important people in the kingdom. It lasted for 180 days.
Then he made a second feast just for Shushan. Everyone in the city
was invited, even the Jews.
Mordechai, the leader of the Jews, warned his
people not to go to the feast, but they were afraid to disobey the
king. And to tell the truth, they were honored and pleased to have
been invited. For seven days they ate and drank to their heart's content.
Only one thing troubled them. Achashverosh brought the gold and silver
vessels from the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and used them for his wild
celebration...
The drunken king began to brag that his queen
Vashti was the most beautiful woman in the kingdom. On the last day
of the feast, he commanded her to come and dance before the crowd.
But Vashti was the proud granddaughter of the cruel Nebuchadnezzar
and she refused to appear. "Am I a servant to the king?"
she asked. In a fit of anger, the king had her killed.
Achashverosh now needed a new queen and he
wanted someone even more beautiful than Vashti. His men went from
house to house in all of Persia, taking the young girls away to Shushan
where they were kept as hostages until they were brought before the
king.
In Shushan, a Jewish orphan by the name of
Hadassah lived with her uncle Mordechai. When the king's men came
to her house, Mordechai said, "Don't be afraid. Go with them.
Do not tell them you are a Jewess. Tell them your Persian name --
Esther. God will watch over you!"
Esther was kind and gentle and very beautiful.
As soon as the king saw her, he chose her as his new queen. Esther
appointed seven maidservants, one for each day of the week, so that
she would always remember which day was the Sabbath. Her meals were
cooked with kosher foods. And all the while, she kept her secret.
No one knew she was a Jew. Everyday, Mordechai sat outside the palace
gate to wait for news from Esther.
One day outside the palace, Mordechai happened
to hear two men plotting to kill the king. He warned Esther and the
two men were caught and killed. Although it was recorded in the Royal
Book that Mordechai the Jew had saved the king, the matter was soon
forgotten.
Soon after, Achashverosh appointed Haman --
the richest man in the kingdom -- as his new prime minister. All the
king's subjects were ordered to honor Haman and bow down to him. Everyone
did, except Mordechai. It was permissible to honor Haman and bow to
him as the prime minister, but Haman wore a large medallion, engraved
with the picture of an idol, on his chest. Mordechai said people might
think he was bowing to the idol too, and a Jew is forbidden to worship
or honor idols.
Haman was furious. He went straight to the
king to complain. "There is one nation," he said, "scattered
throughout your kingdom, which is different from all other nations.
They don't eat our food, drink our wine, or marry our daughters! They
don't keep the king's laws and they don't work! Every seventh day
they rest and they are always celebrating holidays. If you give me
permission, I will destroy them for you. I will even pay for any expenses
from my own money!"
Achashverosh gave Haman his royal ring, to
seal the orders and decrees. Anxious to do a perfect job, Haman wanted
to execute his plan on the right day, a lucky day blessed by his gods
and the stars. He cast lots -- purim in Hebrew -- to choose the day.
Then he sent out letters, sealed with the king's royal ring, to each
of the 127 provinces in the kingdom.
"On the 13th day of the month of Adar,"
the decree said "you are to destroy, kill and slaughter all Jews,
young and old, women and children, all in one day. Their money and
property will then belong to you."
When Mordechai heard of the decree, he ripped
his clothing and put ashes on his head as a sign of mourning. He told
Esther she must go to the king to try and save the Jews. Esther was
afraid, for it was forbidden to come before the king without being
invited. But Mordechai said, "Who knows if you have not been
put in the palace for this very purpose? If you are silent now, help
will come to the Jews from some other place -- and you will perish!"
Esther asked that the Jews in Shushan fast
and pray for her for three days. Mordechai gathered all the Jewish
children in Shushan and told them to pray, too. (In the end, it was
the prayers of the children which were answered.)
The Jews finally realized they should not have
gone to the king's feast; they should not have eaten at the royal
banquet nor drunk the wine, nor used the vessels from the Holy Temple.
They understood that this was their punishment for fearing the king
more than they feared God.
When the three days of prayers and fasting
were over, Esther went to the king. "What is your request, my
queen?" he asked. "Half of my kingdom is yours for the asking!"
But Esther asked only that the king and Haman
come to a private banquet she was making. At the banquet, Achashverosh
asked again, "What is your wish? Whatever you want is yours!"
But Esther only invited the king and Haman to a second party. "How
strange," thought the king. But Haman was delighted. On his way
out of the palace, he passed Mordechai at the gate. His delight turned
to hate. "I am important enough to be invited to the queen's
private banquets together with the king -- and that Jew refuses to
bow down to me?!" He wanted to kill Mordechai then and there,
without waiting for the 13th of Adar!
"Do it!" advised his evil wife Zeresh.
So Haman built a gallows, 50 cubits high, in his own courtyard. He
would hang Mordechai at the first opportunity!
That night, the king could not fall asleep.
He tossed and turned and finally called for his servant to bring out
the Royal Book and read him to sleep. The heavy book fell open to
the story of how Mordechai the Jew had warned of the plot against
the king and saved the king's life.
"What reward did the Jew receive?"
asked the king.
"None, sir," was the reply.
"He saved my life and received no reward?!"
stormed the king.
Just then, someone knocked. It was Haman, coming
for permission to hang Mordechai the Jew. He was in such a hurry he
couldn't even wait for the morning!
"Haman!" thundered the king. "Tell
me, what shall be done for a man the king wishes to honor?"
"He must be referring to me," thought
Haman gleefully. "I know just the thing," he said. "Let
him wear the king's royal robes. Place the king's royal crown upon
his head. Let him ride the king's royal horse. And let a servant walk
before the horse and cry out: Thus shall be done to the man whom the
king wishes to honor!"
"Wonderful idea!" cried the Achashverosh.
"I shall leave it all to you. Find Mordechai the Jew and do exactly
as you described, down to the last detail!"
Haman did as he was commanded, and Mordechai
was led with royal honor through the streets of Shushan.
Haman returned home, a bitter, broken man.
But he had no time to brood. He had to be at the royal palace in time
for the Queen's second banquet. Once again, the king asked, "What
is it you desire, Esther? Why have you invited us here? Speak and
it shall be done!"
This time, Esther spoke. "Spare my life,"
she cried, "and the lives of my people. We have been sentenced
to death!"
"Death? Your people? By whom?" asked
the surprised king.
"By an evil and wicked man -- by your
minister Haman!"
The king was so astounded that he marched out
of the room to regain his composure.
Trembling and fearful, Haman threw himself
on the queen to beg for mercy. At that very moment, Achashverosh returned.
"What?" he cried. "Do you dare
to attack the Queen in my palace? Take him away and hang him!"
he shouted.
In the end, Haman was hung on the gallows he
himself had built for Mordechai. And Mordechai became the king's new
prime minister in place of Haman!
According to Persian law, it was impossible
to change a decree stamped with the royal seal, so the king could
not cancel the decree against the Jews. But Mordechai was given the
royal signet ring to issue whatever new decrees he could think of
to help save the Jews.
Now it was Mordechai's turn to send out a royal
letter. It said: On the 13th of Adar, all the Jews in the kingdom
would organize to defend themselves. The Persians were more than happy
to listen to Haman and kill Jews, but if the Jews were going to arm
themselves and fight back under royal protection, well then, that
was another story!
On the 13th of Adar, Jews across the kingdom
assembled and defended themselves. Thousands of their enemies were
killed, including Haman's 10 evil sons who were hanged from a tree.
Unlike the Persians who planned to take money and property, the Jews
took no loot at all. On the 14th of Adar, they gave thanks to God
and celebrated.
But in the walled capital city of Shushan,
the Jews continued to fight an additional day. On the 15th of Adar
the Jews of Shushan celebrated their victory. Therefore we celebrate:
The Fast of Esther on the 13th of Adar
Purim Day on the 14th of Adar
And in the walled city of Jerusalem, the main
celebration is: Shushan Purim on the 15th of Adar.
Esther asked the rabbis to write the story
of Purim and include it in the Bible. Scrolls - megillot - were written
and sent to the Jews throughout the kingdom. The rabbis commanded
the people to keep the holiday of Purim forever as a day of thanksgiving
and feasting and joy; of sending gifts to friends and money to the
poor. And that is just what the Jewish people have been doing for
the past 2,400 years!
